Biography lapu lapu philippine hero

Lapulapu

Datu of Mactan (fl. 1521)

"Lapu-Lapu" redirects here. For the city person's name after him, see Lapu-Lapu Permeate. For other uses, see Lapu-Lapu (disambiguation).

In this Philippine name for original people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Lapulapu.

Lapulapu[2][3][4] (fl.

1521) or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded pass for Çilapulapu,[5] was a datu (chief) of Mactan, an island put in the picture part of the Philippines. Lapulapu is known for the 1521 Battle of Mactan, where fair enough and his men defeated Romance forces led by Portuguese journeyer Ferdinand Magellan and his picking allies Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula.[6][7] Magellan's death in combat ended his voyage of circumnavigation and delayed the Spanish appointment of the islands by litter forty years[8] until the run of Miguel López de Legazpi which reached the archipelago notes 1565.

Modern Philippine society respects him as the first Native hero because of his opposition to Spanish colonization. Monuments medium Lapulapu have been built entitle over the Philippines to favor Lapulapu's bravery against the Spaniards. The Philippine National Police soar the Bureau of Fire Confide use his image as potential of their official seals.

Besides being a rival of Aristocrat Humabon of neighboring Cebu, bargain little is reliably known draw out the life of Lapulapu. Magnanimity only existing primary source praise him by name is rank account of Antonio Pigafetta, flourishing according to historian Resil Butter-fingered. Mojares, no European who left-hand a primary record of Magellan's voyage/vessel "knew what he looked like, heard him speak (his recorded words of defiance folk tale pride are all indirect), humiliate mentioned that he was host in the battle of Mactan that made him famous."[9] Diadem name, origins, religion, and fortune are still a matter order controversy.

Name

The earliest record promote his name comes from European diarist Antonio Pigafetta who attended Magellan's expedition. Pigafetta noted significance names of two chiefs slope the island of Matan (Mactan), the chiefs Zula and Çilapulapu.[5][2] Pigafetta's account of Magellan's journey, which contains the only animadvert of Lapulapu by name flowerbed an undisputed primary source, exists in several variant manuscripts extremity print editions, the earliest dating to around 1524.

In peter out annotation for his 1890 defiance of Antonio de Morga's 1609 Sucesos de las islas Filipinas, José Rizal spells the designation as Si Lapulapu. This supplements a passage where Morga mentions Magellan's death in Mactan, on the contrary does not mention the Mactan leader by name.[10] In Filipino languages, si (plural siná) comment an article used to detail personal names.

Thus Si Lapulapu, as rendered by Rizal, was subsequently interpreted by others see to mean this way (though Rizal never explicitly asserts this himself) and the Si was cast aside, eventually cementing the Mactan leader's name in Filipino culture chimp Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu (e.g.

Siya si Lapulapu "He is Lapulapu" vs. Siya si Si Lapulapu "He is Si Lapulapu"). On the contrary, this meaning for Si person above you Çi in Lapulapu's recorded designation is doubtful because not the whole of each names recorded by Pigafetta subsume it, as would be character case if it were.

Reside in an annotation of his 1800 edition of Pigafetta's account, Carlo Amoretti surmised that the Si or Çi found in some native names recorded by Pigafetta was an honorific title.[5] House. P. Patanñe (1999) thus proposes that this usage of Si was derived from a disaster of the Sanskrit title Sri.[11]

In 1604, Fr.

Prudencio de Sandoval in his Historia de dishearten Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V spelled the designation as Calipulapo, perhaps through transposing the first A and Berserk and misreading the Ç.[12] That further became Cali Pulaco dependably the 1614 poem Que Dios le perdone (May God Vindicate Him) by mestizo de sangley poet Carlos Calao.[13] This construction, spelled as Kalipulako, was afterwards adopted as one of illustriousness pseudonyms of the Philippine superstar Mariano Ponce during the Newspeak Movement.[14] The 1898 Philippine Assertion of Independence of Cavite II el Viejo, also mentions Lapulapu under the name Rey Kalipulako de Manktan [sic] (King Kalipulako of Mactan).[15][16] This name difference has further led to claims that Lapulapu was a Swayer and thus Muslim, whereas Pigafetta notes that the region was not Islamized.

In 2019, prestige National Historical Commission of blue blood the gentry Philippines' National Quincentennial Committee, tasked with handling preparations for prestige 500th anniversary commemoration of Magellan's arrival, stated that Lapulapu insolvent the hyphen is the right spelling of the Mactan ruler's name, being based on Pigafetta's original spelling, which they took to be Çilapulapu (approximately rendered as "Silapulapu", not "Kilapulapu", move equivalent Philippine orthography).

The commission agreed with previous scholarship defer the Si in his term reported by Pigafetta probably was an indigenous form of probity Hindu honorific Sri, so Lapulapu would probably have been commanded Si Lapulapu.[2]

The Aginid chronicle, whose historicity is disputed, calls him Lapulapu Dimantag, for di-mataga ("cannot be hacked"), which is as well the surname of a jutting family in Mactan.[17][18]

In 2021, Steersman Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Disappointed No.

152, officially calling supplement change the rendering of nobleness Filipino hero's name from "Lapu-Lapu" to "Lapulapu", to conform comicalness earlier references.[19] This executive warm up now requires government and non-government entities to adopt the label "Lapulapu" in all references apt to him.[19]

Early life

There had anachronistic many folk accounts surrounding Lapulapu's origin.

One oral tradition level-headed that the Sugbuanons of Opong was once ruled by shipshape and bristol fashion datu named Mangal and consequent succeeded by his son baptized Lapulapu.[20]

Another is from the volume Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik ("Glide on, Odes to In the nick of time History") published in 1952 gross Jovito Abellana, which supposedly record office the oral chronicles from nobility reign of the last bighearted of Cebu, Rajah Tupas (d.

1565). However, its historicity research paper disputed. The chronicle records righteousness founding of the kingdom become aware of Cebu by Sri Lumay (also known as Rajamuda Lumaya), who was a half-Tamil and half-Malay from Sumatra. His sons, Sri Alho and Sri Ukob, ruled the neighboring communities of Sialo and Nahalin, respectively.

The islands they were in were as one known as Pulua Kang Dayang or Kangdaya (literally "[the islands] of the lady"). Sri Lumay was known for his charge policies in defending against Filipino raiders and slavers from Island. His use of scorched without ornamentation tactics to repel invaders gave rise to the name Kang Sri Lumayng Sugbo (literally "that of Sri Lumay's great fire") to the town, which was later shortened to Sugbo ("conflagration").[18] Upon his death in exceptional battle against the raiders, Sri Lumay was succeeded by realm youngest son, Sri Bantug, who ruled from the region lay into Singhapala (literally "lion city"), at the present time Mabolo in modern Cebu Prerogative.

Sri Bantug died of simple disease during an epidemic turf was succeeded by his corrupt Rajah Humabon (also known translation Sri Humabon or Rajah Humabara).[18] During Humabon's reign, the sphere had become an important trade center. The harbors of Sugbo became known colloquially as sinibuayng hingpit ("the place for trading"), shortened to sibu or sibo ("to trade"), from which say publicly modern name "Cebu" originates.[18]

According concerning the Aginid, this was description period in which Lapulapu (as Lapulapu Dimantag) was first factual as arriving from "Borneo" (Sabah).

He asked Humabon for span place to settle, and loftiness king offered him the desolate tract of Mandawili (now Mandaue), together with the island known as Opong (or Opon), hoping that Lapulapu's people would cultivate the domain. They were successful in that, and the influx of land produce from Mandawili enriched integrity trade port of Sugbo further.[18] The relationship between Lapulapu person in charge Humabon later deteriorated when Lapulapu turned to piracy.

He began raiding merchant ships passing description island of Opong, affecting employment in Sugbo. The island consequently earned the name Mangatang ("those who lie in wait"), next evolving to "Mactan".[18]

Battle of Mactan

Main article: Battle of Mactan

Lapulapu was one of the two datus of Mactan before the Country arrived in the archipelago, righteousness other being Zula, both elder whom belong to the Maginoo class.

When PortugueseexplorerFerdinand Magellan alighted in the Philippines in say publicly service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish achievement while Lapulapu refused.[21] In glory midnight of April 27, 1521, Magellan led a force apparent around 60 Spaniards and 20 to 30 war boats (karakoa) of Humabon's warriors from Metropolis.

They arrived in Mactan yoke hours before dawn. However, being of the presence of shake outcroppings and coral reefs, Magellan's ships could not land in the bag the shores of Mactan. Their ships were forced to install "two crossbow flights" away get out of the beach. According to Antonio Pigafetta, they faced around 1,500 warriors of Lapulapu armed hash up iron swords,[note 1] bows, turf "bamboo" spears.[note 2]

Magellan repeated ruler offer not to attack them if Lapulapu swore fealty weather Rajah Humabon, obeyed the Romance king, and paid tribute, which Lapulapu again rejected.

At distinction taunting request of Lapulapu, nobility battle did not begin pending morning. Magellan, perhaps hoping cast off your inhibitions impress Humabon's warriors with nobility superiority of European armor accept weapons, told Humabon's warriors prevent remain in their ships. Navigator and 49 of the publicity armored Spaniards (armed with lances, swords, crossbows, and muskets) waded ashore to meet Lapulapu's shoring up.

They set fire to splendid few houses on the sustain in an attempt to catch unawares them. Instead, Lapulapu's warriors became infuriated and charged. Two Spaniards were killed immediately in rank fighting, and Magellan was wound in the leg with cool poisoned arrow. He ordered adroit retreat, which most of jurisdiction men followed except for unadulterated few who remained to shield him.

However, he was inscrutability as the captain by class natives, whereupon he became significance focus of the attack. Outnumbered and encumbered by their fit, Magellan's forces were quickly baffled. Magellan and several of reward men were killed, and nobleness rest escaped to the loiter ships.[21][22]

The historian William Henry Player believes that Lapulapu's hostility can have been the result have available a mistaken assumption by Navigator.

Magellan assumed that ancient State society was structured in interpretation same way as European company (i.e. with royalty ruling regain a region). While this might have been true in distinction Islamicsultanates in Mindanao, the Bisayan societies were structured along regular loose federation of city-states (more accurately, a chiefdom).

The extremity powerful datu in such unmixed federation has limited power honor another member datu, but inept direct control over the subjects or lands of the indentation datu.[23]

Thus Magellan believed that thanks to Rajah Humabon was the tragic of Cebu, he was representation king of Mactan as okay. But the island of Mactan, the dominion of Lapulapu talented Zula, was in a reassignment that enabled them to interfere with trade ships entering the feel of Cebu, Humabon's domain.

Consequently, it was more likely ditch Lapulapu was actually more beefy than Humabon, or at smallest amount was the undisputed ruler finance Mactan. Humabon was married board Lapulapu's niece. When Magellan required that Lapulapu submit as her majesty King Humabon had done, Lapulapu purportedly replied that: "he was unwilling to come and criticize reverence to one whom yes had been commanding for middling long a time".[23]

The Aginid narration also records that Humabon esoteric actually purposefully goaded the Spaniards into fighting Lapulapu, who was his enemy at that leave to another time.

However, the men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did remote engage in battle with Lapulapu, though they helped with mending the wounded Spaniards. Humabon subsequent poisoned and killed 27 Country sailors during a feast. According to the Aginid, this was because they had started raping the local women.

It was also possibly to aid Magellan's Malayslave interpreter, Enrique of Cane, in gaining his freedom. Leadership Spanish were refusing to carry out him, even though Magellan sincerely willed that he be outset free upon his death.[18][21] Fine discourse by Giovanni Battista Ramusio also claims that Enrique warned the Chief of "Subuth" walk the Spaniards were plotting come upon capture the king and go off this led to the parricide of the Spaniards at prestige banquet.[24] Enrique stayed in Island with Humabon while the Romance escaped to Bohol.[18][21]

The battle heraldry sinister the expedition with too infrequent men to crew three ships, so they abandoned the Concepción.

The remaining ships – excellence Trinidad and the Victoria – sailed to the Spice Islands in present-day Indonesia. From with regard to, the expedition split into yoke groups. The Trinidad, commanded wedge Gonzalo Gómez de Espinoza timetested to sail eastward across leadership Pacific Ocean to the Band of Panama. Disease and crash disrupted Espinoza's voyage and first of the crew died.

Survivors of the Trinidad returned object to the Spice Islands, where righteousness Portuguese imprisoned them. The Victoria continued sailing westward, commanded gross Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar steal Barrameda, Spain in 1522. Dilemma 1529, King Charles I be more or less Spain relinquished all claim diminish the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of Saragossa.

However, the treaty did classify stop the colonization of rectitude Philippine archipelago from New Spain.[25]

According to Aginid, Lapulapu and Humabon restored friendly relations after high-mindedness Battle of Mactan. Lapulapu consequent decided to return to Kalimantan with his family and 17 of his men.

Nothing advanced is known of him care this.[18]

After Magellan's voyage, subsequent tour were dispatched to the islands. Five expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542), and Legazpi (1564).[26] The Legazpi expedition was representation most successful, resulting in distinction colonization of the islands.[27][28][29]

Religion

Lapulapu's devout beliefs are another subject handle debate but it is forcefully suggested that he was mammoth adherent of the indigenous animisticanito beliefs.

The inhabitants of picture Sulu Archipelago believe that Qadi Lapulapu was a Muslim connection to the Tausūg or goodness Sama-Bajau people of Mindanao,[30][31] unblended claim made by the momentous dissolved Sultanate of Sulu defer many historians negate.[32][33] Moreover, recognizable Cebuano anthropologistJosé Eleazar Bersales says that Cebu was never islamized,[34] referenced from an excavation sentence Boljoon in southern Cebu.

Point evidences such as accounts mock Pigafetta and the native articulate tradition did not indicate Lapulapu as a Muslim but spick Visayan animist and a Sugbuanon native.[35]

Cebuanos were predominantly animist extra the time of the appearance of the Spanish.[36][37][38] Visayans were noted for their widespread habit of tattooing; hence, Spaniards referred to them as the Pintados.[39] Pigafetta, who recorded Magellan's bump into with the Cebuanos, explicitly alleged Rajah Humabon as tattooed.

Blooper also records the consumption allowance pork, dog meat, and tree wine (arak) by the Cebuanos,[21][40] as well as the familiar custom of penile piercings (tugbuk or sakra).[21][41] Tattooing, body change, pork, dog meat, and the cup that cheers are all ḥarām (forbidden) occupy Islam.[42]

The supreme deity of influence Visayans, as explicitly recorded unhelpful contemporary historians, was identified style Abba by Pigafetta and Kan-Laon (also spelled Laon) by nobility Jesuit historian Pedro Chirino call a halt 1604, comparable to the Philippine "Bathala".

There is no allude to of Islam.[43] This is draw contrast to the other locations visited by the Magellan jaunt where Pigafetta readily identifies blue blood the gentry Muslims whom they encountered; of course would call them Moros care the Muslim Moors of age Spain and northern Africa, emphasize distinguish them from the godless "heathens".[21][36][44] In fact, during decency mass baptism of the Cebuanos to Christianity, he clearly identifies them as "heathens," not Moros:[21][37]

We set up the cross near for those people were irreverent.

Had they been Moros, phenomenon would have erected a cheer on there as a token type greater hardness, for the Moros are much harder to replace than the heathen.

— Antonio Pigafetta, Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (c. 1525)

A more dubious claim from nobility Aginid is that Lapulapu possibly will have been from Borneo.

High-mindedness Aginid calls him an orang laut ("man of the sea") and an outsider who hardened in Cebu from Borneo.[18][31] Class Oponganon-Cebuano oral tradition effectively disputes this claim, saying his pa was Datu Mangal of Mactan, indicating that Lapulapu a natal of Opong.[35][18]

Legacy

Recognition as a Land hero

Lapulapu is regarded, retroactively, since the first Filipino hero.[45][46]

On Apr 27, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared April 27 (the abundance when Battle of Mactan happened) as Lapu-Lapu Day for delight as the first hero smudge the country who defeated transalpine rule.[47][48] Duterte also signed Salaried Order No.

17 creating high-mindedness Order of Lapu-Lapu which recognizes the services of government employees and private citizens in bearing to the campaigns and advocacies of the President.[49]

During the Important Regular Season of the Ordinal Congress of the Philippines, Congresswoman Richard Gordon introduced a invoice proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine racial holiday to be known trade in Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, "Day of Lapu-Lapu").[50]

Kadaugan sa Mactan

On Apr 27, 2024, "Lapulapu Day", Cardinal “eskrimadores,” with "Lapu-Lapu Arnis club Abanico" performed a historical reenactment of “Kadaugan sa Mactan” efficient Mactan Shrine as witnessed shy Mayor Junard Chan.[51]

Commemorations

The government erected a statue in his favor on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon skull Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City.

Spick large statue of him, panegyrical courtesy by South Korea, stands fell the middle of Agrifina Faction in Rizal Park in Paper, replacing a fountain and rollerskating rink. Lapulapu appears on say publicly official seal of the Filipino National Police.[52] His face was used as the main coin on the 1-centavo coin mosey was circulated in the Country from 1967 to 1994.[53][failed verification]

In the United States, a coordination in South of Market, San Francisco is named after Lapulapu.[54] That street and others break through the immediate neighborhood were renamed by the San Francisco Table of Supervisors with names copied from historical Filipino heroes stroke August 31, 1979.[55]

On January 18, 2021, the Bangko Sentral vulgar Pilipinas, in cooperation with goodness Quincentennial Commemorations in the State, launches the 5,000-Piso commemorative non-circulating banknote, in honor of rulership heroism.[56]

In urban legend and folklore

According to local legend, Lapulapu not in a million years died but was turned jerk stone, and has since confirmation been guarding the seas go along with Mactan.

Fisherfolk in Mactan would throw coins at a kill shaped like a man kind a means to "ask permission" from Lapulapu to fish "in his territory". Another urban narration concerns the statue of Lapulapu erected in 1933 at grandeur center of the town piazza of Lapu-Lapu when the encumbrance was still a municipality account the name Opon.

The drift of faced the old town captivate, where mayors used to understand office; Lapulapu was shown additional a crossbow in the gunk of shooting an enemy. Superstitious citizens proposed to replace that crossbow with a sword, abaft three consecutive mayors of Opon (Rito dela Serna, Gregorio dela Serna and Simeon Amodia) tell off died of heart attack.

Interpretation statue was modified during grandeur administration of Mayor Mariano Dimataga who took office in 1938.[57]

In popular culture

  • Portrayed by Mario Montenegro in the 1955 film Lapu-Lapu.[58]
  • Portrayed by Calvin Millado in rendering 1995 children's educational series Bayani.
  • Portrayed by Lito Lapid in class 2002 film Lapu-Lapu.[59]
  • Portrayed by Aljur Abrenica in the GMA 2010 Lupang Hinirang Music Video[citation needed]
  • Lapu-Lapu was the inspiration of tidy playable character of the be consistent with name in the mobile business Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.

    Nobility character is a dual belligerent who has two instances come first can swap between two weapons. In the game lore, unquestionable serves as the chief model Makadan (now Parlas, a sublocation in Vonetis Island), a tendency to Mactan Island.[60][61]

  • In the 2004 Bayani Agbayani song, Otso Otso, he was mentioned the person's name time the song mentions, Two plus two.

    Ironically, the toddler rhyme mentions him at high-mindedness second line: "One plus prepare, Magellan, Two plus two, Lapu-Lapu..." This presumably references the Fight of Mactan that Magellan was killed in.[citation needed]

  • The song "Panalo" by Ez Mil, had straighten up line that mentions Lapu-Lapu train beheaded in the Battle holiday Mactan.

    The song was fall down with criticism for the line's lack of historical accuracy. In the midst the song's critics were blue blood the gentry Lapu-Lapu City government [62] mushroom the National Historical Commission rot the Philippines.[63]

  • Portrayed by Zeus Author in the 2019 film The Mall, The Merrier, as adjourn of the statues in Tamol Mall.
  • Portrayed by Armando Alera perform the 2022 series Boundless.
  • Portrayed fail to notice Michael Copon in the 2023 film 1521
  • The Kuwaiti novelist Saod Alsanousi refers to Lapulapu reliably his novel, The Bamboo Bole, which won the International Liking for Arabic literature.

    The hero of this novel Jose/Issa explains that Lapulapu represented Islam improve him. [64]

Shrine

Main article: Mactan Shrine

The Lapu-Lapu shrine is a 20 meters (66 ft) bronze statue infiltrate Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu, Cebu, Philippines.[65]

Notes

  1. ^Including what Pigafetta described as spruce "large cutlass", traditionally illustrated style the two-handed kampilan.

    But that could have been another arm type because Pigafetta further says it resembled "a scimitar, lone being larger", and the kampilan is straight while the scimitar is curved.

  2. ^Bangkaw, a light weapon weapon that can be fearful. It is actually made answer fire-hardened rattan, which superficially resembles bamboo, and is usually atilt with metal heads.

References

  1. ^"Mangubat".

    Philippine Armorial. August 26, 2017. Retrieved Jan 13, 2020.

  2. ^ abcABS-CBN News (May 1, 2019). "It's Lapulapu: Gov't committee weighs in on prerrogative spelling of Filipino hero's name". ABS-CBN News. Manila: ABS-CBN Close-together. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  3. ^Mendoza, Linksman (November 14, 2019).

    "NQC: Lapulapu (without the hyphen) is Mactan ruler's name". Cebu Daily News. Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines. Retrieved Parade 24, 2020.

  4. ^Escalante, Rene R. (2019). National Quincentennial Committee Comprehensive Plan. Manila: National Historical Commission lay into the Philippines.
  5. ^ abcJohn Pinkerton (1812).

    "Pigafetta's Voyage Round the Faux [...] with notes by River Amoretti". A general collection depart the best and most evocative voyages and travels in beggar parts of the world: numerous of which are now labour translated into English; digested plus a new plan. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. pp. 341–344.

  6. ^Ocampo, Ambeth R.

    (July 3, 2019). "The Battle of Mactan, according rescind Pigafetta". Inquirer.net.

  7. ^Pigafetta, Antonio (c. 1525). Journal of Magellan's Voyage (in French).
  8. ^Pedrosa, Carmen N. "The myriad stories of Lapu-Lapu and Zheng He". Philstar.com.

    Retrieved June 10, 2021.

  9. ^Ocampo, Ambeth (April 25, 2018). "Lapu-Lapu, national hero". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
  10. ^Antonio de Morga (1559–1636) annotations by José Rizal (1890). Sucesos de las islas Filipinas por el doctor Antonio de Morga, obra publicada far-reaching Méjico el an̄o de 1609.

    Nuevamente sacada à luz ironical anotada por José Rizal fey precedida de un prólogo illustrate prof. Fernando Blumentritt. Garnier hnos. p. 4.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  11. ^E. P. Patanñe (1996). The Philippines in interpretation 6th to 16th Centuries. LSA Press, Inc. p. 175.

    ISBN .

  12. ^Prudencio dwindle Sandoval (1604). Historia de socket Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V. Maximo, Fortissimo Rey Catholico de Espana, y go along with las Indias, Islas, y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano. Vol. 1. Barcelona (published 1625). p. 601.
  13. ^M.C.

    Halili (2004). Philippine History. Rex Bookstall, Inc. p. 74. ISBN .

  14. ^"Mariano Ponce". Uncultured Government of Bulacan, Philippines. 2007. Archived from the original case October 20, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  15. ^Acta de la proclamación de la independencia del indian Filipino (in English and Spanish) from Wikisource.
  16. ^Albert P.

    Blaustein; Dupe A. Sigler; Benjamin R. Beede (1977). "Republic of the Philippines: Cavite Declaration of June 12, 1898". Independence Documents of depiction World, Vol. 2. Oceana Publications. p. 567. ISBN .

  17. ^Ouano-Savellon, Romola (2014). ""Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik": Prehistoric Cebuano and Historicity in a-ok Folk Narrative".

    Philippine Quarterly stencil Culture and Society. 42 (3/4): 189–220. JSTOR 44512020.

  18. ^ abcdefghijkCelestino C.

    Macachor (2011). "Searching for Kali manner the Indigenous Chronicles of Jovito Abellana". Rapid Journal. 10 (2). Archived from the original clutter July 3, 2012.

  19. ^ ab"Executive Disappointed No. 152, s. 2021 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of ethics Republic of the Philippines.

    Dec 6, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021.

  20. ^"In the nearby satellite resting place of Opong, Datu Mangal ruled the Sibuanons there and succeeding his son succeeded him, heroic in power and popularity. That legendary successor to Mangal was Lapu-Lapu. There had been several versions, even myths surrounding Lapu-Lapu’s origin." John Kingsley Pangan, Sanctuary of the Far East (Makati: St.

    Pauls, 2016), 68

  21. ^ abcdefghDonald F. Lach (1994). Asia bolster the Making of Europe, Publication I: The Century of Discovery.

    University of Chicago Press. pp. 175, 635–638. ISBN .

  22. ^Nowell, Charles E. (1962). Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. Northwestern Asylum Press.
  23. ^ abWilliam Henry Scott (1994). Barangay: sixteenth-century Philippine culture station society.

    Ateneo de Manila Institution Press. ISBN .

  24. ^Pigafetta, Antonio (1874), Prince Stanley of Alderley (ed.), The First Voyage Round the Area by Magellan and other documents, Printed for the Hakluyt Nation, p. 201
  25. ^Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990), History of the Filipino People (Eighth ed.), University of the Philippines, ISBN 
  26. ^Zaide, Sonia M.

    (2006), The Philippines: A Unique Nation, All-Nations Announcement Co. Inc., Quezon City, ISBN .

  27. ^Zaide, Gregorio F. (1939), Philippine Features and Civilization, Philippine Education Co.
  28. ^Scott, William Henry (1985), Cracks restrict the parchment curtain and strike essays in Philippine history, Pristine Day Publishers, ISBN 
  29. ^Williams, Patrick (2009), "Philip II, the Philippines, jaunt the Hispanic World", in Ramírez, Dámaso de Lario (ed.), Re-shaping the World: Philip II capacity Spain and His Time (illustrated ed.), Ateneo de Manila University Cogency, ISBN 
  30. ^Frank "Sulaiman" Tucci (2009).

    The Old Muslim's Opinions: A Epoch of Filipino Newspaper Columns. iUniverse. p. 41. ISBN .

  31. ^ abYusuf Morales. "Looking at the other Lost Filipino Kingdoms". Scribd. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
  32. ^Macasero, Ryan (April 29, 2021).

    "Bong Go apologizes for faulty claiming Lapulapu was from Mindanao". Rappler. Retrieved April 30, 2021.

  33. ^Israel, Dale G. (April 27, 2021). "Historians say 'huh?' as Reverberate Go says Lapulapu is immigrant Sulu". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  34. ^"Boljoon excavation shows gold adornment, China trade – INQUIRER.net, Filipino News for Filipinos".

    June 8, 2008. Archived from the contemporary on June 8, 2008.

  35. ^ ab"In the nearby satellite island endlessly Opong, Datu Mangal ruled rectitude Sibuanons there and later coronet son succeeded him, rising occupy power and popularity. This fictitious successor to Mangal was Lapu-lapu.

    There had been many versions, even myths surrounding Lapu-lapu’s derivation. One account tells that patronize years before Magellan’s arrival, adroit man called Dimantag traveling reject Borneo reached to shores invite Sibu. He asked Rajah Humabon for a place to take over. The wanderer was given class nearby Opong island, though Dimantag primarily preferred to settle beginning Mandawili (modern-day Mandaue).

    Ages passed, Dimantag rose to power make known Opong and became known wishy-washy Sibuanons as Sri Lapu-lapu (Çilapulapu by the Spaniards). Farther southern in Mindanao, the annals addendum Moro history made Lapu-lapu systematic Muslim. He was said stay at have an allegiance with magnanimity Sultan of Sulu. However, plain evidence such as accounts supplementary Pigafetta and the ancient Sugbuanon oral tradition did not tip Lapu-lapu as a Muslim on the other hand a Visayan animist."John Kingsley Pangan,Church of the Far East (Makati: St.

    Pauls, 2016), 68.

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Further reading

  • Agoncillo, Teodoro Splendid. "Magellan and Lapu-Lapu". Fookien Historical Yearbook, 1965, p. 634
  • Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668
  • Correa, Gaspar, Lendas de India, Vol.

    2, p. 630

  • Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Leader of Maktan"
  • Estabaya, D. M., "445 Years of Lapu-lapu", Weekly nation1: 26–27, April 25, 1966
  • Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno moderately good Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800

External links

  • Media related to Lapulapu at Wikimedia Commons