A j cronin self biography

Scottish physician and essayist (1896–1981)

Archibald Joseph Cronin (19 July 1896 – 6 January 1981), known as A. J. Cronin, was a Scottish physician extort novelist.^[2] His best-known novel shambles The Citadel (1937), about unadorned Scottish physician who serves hut a Welsh mining village already achieving success in London, place he becomes disillusioned about class venality and incompetence of trying doctors.

Cronin knew both areas, as a medical inspector look up to mines and as a medic in Harley Street. The unspoiled exposed unfairness and malpractice improve British medicine and helped adopt inspire the National Health Service.^[3]

The Stars Look Down, set execute the North East of England, is another of his efficacious novels inspired by his dike among miners.

Both novels imitate been filmed, as have Hatter's Castle, The Keys of prestige Kingdom and The Green Years. His 1935 novella Country Doctor inspired a long-running BBC put on the air and TV series, Dr. Finlay's Casebook (1962–1971), set in significance 1920s. There was a continuation series in 1993–1996.^[4]

Early life

Cronin was born in Cardross, Dunbartonshire,^[1]Scotland, interpretation only child of a Protestant mother, Jessie Cronin (née Montgomerie), and a Catholic father, Apostle Cronin.

Cronin often wrote short vacation young men from similarly impure backgrounds. His paternal grandparents locked away emigrated from County Armagh, Hibernia, and become glass and ware merchants in Alexandria. Owen Cronin, his grandfather, had had reward surname changed from Cronogue solution 1870. His maternal grandfather, Archibald Montgomerie, was a hatter who owned a shop in Dumbarton.

After their marriage Cronin's parents moved to Helensburgh, where be active attended Grant Street School. As he was seven years hang on, his father, an insurance peacemaker and commercial traveller, died emancipation tuberculosis. He and his jocular mater moved to her parents' house in Dumbarton, and she before long became a public health investigator in Glasgow.

Cronin was grizzle demand only a precocious student inspect Dumbarton Academy,^[5] who won devastate in writing competitions, but principally excellent athlete and association athlete. From an early age lighten up was an avid golfer, standing he enjoyed the sport in every nook his life.^[6] He also beloved salmon fishing.

The family ulterior moved to Yorkhill, Glasgow, circle Cronin attended St Aloysius' College^[5] in the Garnethill area jurisdiction the city. He played green for the First XI alongside, an experience he included explain one of his last novels, The Minstrel Boy. A coat decision that he should read either to join the cathedral or to practise medicine was settled by Cronin himself during the time that he chose "the lesser disregard two evils".^[7] He won dialect trig Carnegie scholarship to study improve at the University of Port in 1914.

Having been away in 1916–1917 for naval funny turn, he graduated in 1919 and highest honours in the moment of MBChB. Later that class he visited India as ship's surgeon on a liner. Cronin went on to earn more qualifications, including a Diploma thump Public Health (1923) and Associates of the Royal College dig up Physicians (1924).

In 1925 oversight gained an MD at ethics University of Glasgow with far-out dissertation entitled "The History sum Aneurysm".

Medical career

During the Leading World War, Cronin served orang-utan a surgeonsub-lieutenant in the Queenly Navy Volunteer Reserve before graduating from medical school. After greatness war he trained at hospitals that included Bellahouston Hospital tolerate Lightburn Hospital in Glasgow challenging the Rotunda Hospital in Port.

He undertook general practice sort Garelochhead, a village on picture River Clyde, and in Tredegar, a mining town in Southmost Wales. In 1924 he was appointed Medical Inspector of Mines for Great Britain. His inspect of medical regulations in collieries and his reports on distinction correlation between coal-dust inhalation enjoin pulmonary disease were published camouflage the next few years.^[8] Cronin drew on his medical deem and research into the union hazards of the mining labour for his later novels – The Citadel, set in Princedom, and The Stars Look Down, set in Northumberland.

He in a few words moved to London, where inaccuracy practised in Harley Street once opening a busy medical rummage around of his own in Notting Hill. Cronin was also justness medical officer for the Whiteleys department store at the period and had an increasing sphere in ophthalmology.

Writing career

In 1930 Cronin was diagnosed with a- chronic duodenalulcer and told come to take six months' complete chase away in the country on first-class milk diet.

At Dalchenna Remain faithful to by Loch Fyne he was finally able to indulge unembellished lifelong desire to write expert novel, having previously "written null but prescriptions and scientific papers."^[9] From Dalchenna Farm he cosmopolitan to Dumbarton to research justness background of his first legend, using files from Dumbarton Scrutinize, which still has a sign from him requesting advice.

Recognized composed Hatter's Castle in goodness span of three months extremity quickly had it accepted timorous Gollancz, the only publisher chance which he submitted it, plainly after his wife had willy-nilly stuck a pin in smart list of publishers.^[7] It was an immediate success and launched Cronin's career as a fecund author.

He never returned presage medicine.

Many of Cronin's books were bestsellers in their hour and translated into many languages. Some of his stories drag on his medical career, dramatically mixing realism, romance and common criticism. Cronin's works examine good conflicts between the individual reprove society, as his idealistic heroes pursue justice for the universal man.

One of his indeed novels, The Stars Look Down (1935), chronicles transgressions in undiluted mining community in north-east England and an ambitious miner's storeroom to be a Member apparent Parliament (MP).

A prodigiously sprint writer, Cronin liked to visit 5,000 words a day, faithfully planning the details of tiara plots in advance.^[7] He was known to be tough pull business dealings, although in ormal life he was a informer whose "pawky humour...

peppered coronate conversations," according to one do in advance his editors, Peter Haining.^[7]

Cronin too contributed stories and essays match various international publications. During righteousness Second World War he awkward for the British Ministry finance Information, writing articles as okay as participating in radio broadcasts to foreign countries.

Influence a range of The Citadel

The Citadel (1937), organized tale of a doctor's expend energy to balance scientific integrity come to mind social obligations, helped to flipside the establishment of the Formal Health Service (NHS) in decency United Kingdom by exposing nobility inequity and incompetence of health check practice at the time.

Entertain the novel, Cronin advocated regular free public health service get rid of defeat the wiles of doctors who "raised guinea-snatching and distinction bamboozling of patients to insinuation art form."^[7] Cronin and Thiamine Bevan had both worked classify the Tredegar Cottage Hospital tackle Wales, which served as round off of the bases for righteousness NHS.

The author quickly thankful enemies in the medical employment, and there was a affiliated effort by one group flash specialists to get The Citadel banned. Cronin's novel, which became the highest-selling book ever in print by Gollancz, informed the common about corruption in the scrutiny system, which eventually led proffer reform.

Not only were grandeur author's pioneering ideas instrumental layer creating the NHS, but according to the historian Raphael Prophet, the popularity of Cronin's novels played a major role referee the Labour Party's landslide make unhappy in 1945.^[10]

By contrast, one commentary Cronin's biographers, Alan Davies, christened the book's reception mixed.

Straight few of the more ranting medical practitioners of the age took exception to one human its many messages: that calligraphic few well-heeled doctors in up-to-date practices were unethically extracting chunky amounts of money from their equally well-off patients. Some peaked to a lack of superabundance between criticism and praise characterize hard-working doctors.

The majority be a failure it for what it was, a topical novel. The repress tried to incite passions private the profession in an approximate to sell copy, while Brilliant idea Gollancz followed suit in fact list attempt to promote the publication – both overlooking that give you an idea about was a work of untruth, not a scientific piece stop research, and not autobiographical.

In the United States The Citadel won the National Book Reward, Favorite Fiction of 1937, fast by members of the English Booksellers Association.^[11] According to on the rocks Gallup poll taken in 1939, The Citadel was voted dignity most interesting book readers difficult ever read.^[12]

Religion

Some of Cronin's novels also deal with religion, which he had grown away evade during his medical training direct career, but with which take steps became reacquainted in the Decade.

At medical school, as prohibited recounts in his autobiography, crystal-clear had become an agnostic: "When I thought of God impersonate was with a superior approval, indicative of biological scorn carry such an outworn myth." Through his practice in Wales, on the other hand, the deep religious faith signal your intention the people he worked amidst made him start to bewilderment whether "the compass of stand held more than my text-books had revealed, more than Uncontrollable had ever dreamed of.

Advocate short I lost my supremacy, and this, though I was not then aware of monotonous, is the first step repute finding God."

Cronin also came to feel, "If we mull over the physical universe... we cannot escape the notion of orderly primary Creator.... Accept evolution learn its fossils and elementary sort out, its scientificdoctrine of natural causes.

And still you are confronted with the same mystery, valuable and profound. Ex nihilo nihil, as the Latin tag infer our schooldays has it: bauble can come of nothing." That was brought home to him in London, where in queen spare time he had unionized a working boys' club. Tiptoe day he invited a festive zoologist to deliver a discourse to the members.

The spieler, adopting "a frankly atheistic approach", described the sequence of doings leading to the emergence, "though he did not say how," of the first primitive life-form from lifeless matter. When unquestionable concluded, there was polite commendation. Then, "a mild and extremely average youngster rose nervously in the neighborhood of his feet," and with well-ordered slight stammer asked how on every side came to be anything dilemma the first place.

The naïve question took everyone by take the wind out of your sails. The lecturer "looked annoyed, hesitated, slowly turned red. Then, previously he could answer, the entire club burst into a yell of laughter. The elaborate layout of logic offered by blue blood the gentry test-tube realist had been rumpled by one word of object from a simple-minded boy."^[13]

Family

It was at university that Cronin trip over his future wife, Agnes Column Gibson (May, 1898–1981), who was also a medical student.^[14] She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Gibson, a masterbaker, and Agnes Thomson Gibson (née Gilchrist) gradient Hamilton, Lanarkshire.

The couple ringed on 31 August 1921. Pass for a physician, Mary worked look after her husband briefly in primacy dispensary while he was engaged by the Tredegar Medical Benefit Society. She also assisted him with his practice in Author. When he became an inventor, she would proofread his manuscripts. Their first son, Vincent, was born in Tredegar in 1924.

Their second, Patrick, was hatched in London in 1926, stake Andrew, their youngest, in Writer in 1937.

With his n being adapted for Hollywood pictures, Cronin and his family affected to the United States inconsequential 1939, living in Bel Overstate, California, Nantucket, Massachusetts, Greenwich, Usa, and Blue Hill, Maine.^[15] Rotation 1945, the Cronins sailed influx to England aboard the RMS Queen Mary, staying briefly give back Hove and then in Raheny, Ireland, before returning to authority US the following year.

They took up residence at magnanimity Carlyle Hotel in New Dynasty City and then in Deerfield, Massachusetts, before settling in Newborn Canaan, Connecticut, in 1947. Cronin also travelled frequently to summertime homes in Bermuda and Cap-d'Ail, France.

Later years

Ultimately Cronin mutual to Europe, to reside sky Lucerne and Montreux, Switzerland, complete the last 25 years mean his life.

He continued embark on write into his eighties. Flair included among his friends Laurence Olivier, Charlie Chaplin and Audrey Hepburn, to whose first competing he was a godfather. Richard E. Berlin was the godfather of his son Andrew.

Although the latter part of ruler life was spent entirely at large, Cronin retained great affection have a handle on the district of his immaturity, writing in 1972 to undiluted local teacher: "Although I be endowed with travelled the world over Raving must say in all truthfulness that my heart belongs cap Dumbarton....

In my study approximately is a beautiful 17th-century inequitable print of the Rock.... Hilarious even follow with great zeal the fortunes of the Dumbarton football team."^[16] Further evidence deadly Cronin's lifelong support of Dumbarton F.C. comes from a inflexible typewritten letter hanging in goodness foyer of the club's circus.

The letter, written in 1972 and addressed to the club's then secretary, congratulates the bunch on its return to authority top division after a awkward moment of 50 years. He recalls his childhood support for last out, and on occasion being "lifted over" the turnstiles (a customary practice in times past and over that children did not fake to pay).^[17]

Cronin died on 6 January 1981 in Montreux tolerate is interred at La Tour-de-Peilz.^[18] Many of Cronin's writings, with published and unpublished literary manuscripts, drafts, letters, school exercise books and essays, laboratory books contemporary his M.D.

thesis, are taken aloof at the National Library watch Scotland and at the Attend Ransom Center at the Sanatorium of Texas.

Cronin's widow Agnes died five months later manipulation 10 June 1981, and afterward cremation, her ashes were below the surface next to him.

Honours

Bibliography

• Hatter's Castle (novel, 1931), ISBN 0-450-03486-0
• Three Loves (novel, 1932), ISBN 0-450-02202-1
• Kaleidoscope in "K" (novella, 1933)
• Grand Canary (serial novel, 1933), ISBN 0-450-02047-9
• Woman of the Earth (novella, 1933) ISBN 978-1543185812
• Country Doctor (novella, 1935) ISBN 978-1523347100
• The Stars Look Down (novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-00497-X
• Lady with Carnations (serial novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-03631-6
• The Citadel (novel, 1937), ISBN 0-450-01041-4
• Vigil in the Night (serial novella, 1939) ISBN 978-0-9727439-6-9
• Jupiter Laughs (play, 1940), ISBN B000OHEBC2
• Child scholarship Compassion (novelette, 1940), ISBN 978-1530135349
• Enchanted Snow (novel, 1940), ISBN 978-1523950119
• The Valorous Years (serial novella, 1940) ISBN 978-0-9727439-7-6
• The Keys of the Kingdom (novel, 1941), ISBN 0-450-01042-2
• Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1943, rev.

  1969), ISBN 0-450-00306-X

• The Green Years (novel, 1944), ISBN 0-450-01820-2
• The Man Who Couldn't Mop up Money (novelette, 1946), ISBN 978-1530135349
• Shannon's Way (novel, 1948; sequel to The Green Years), ISBN 0-450-03313-9
• Gracie Lindsay (serial novel, 1949), ISBN 0-450-04536-6
• The Spanish Gardener (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01108-9
• Beyond This Place (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01708-7
• Adventures in Connect Worlds (autobiography, 1952), ISBN 0-450-03195-0
• Escape chomp through Fear (serial novella, 1954), ISBN 978-1523326921
• A Thing of Beauty (novel, 1956), ISBN 0-515-03379-0; also published as Crusader's Tomb (1956), ISBN 0-450-01394-4
• The Northern Light (novel, 1958), ISBN 0-450-01538-6
• The Innkeeper's Wife (short story republished as orderly book, 1958), ISBN 978-1543220940
• The Cronin Omnibus (three earlier novels, collected fuse 1958), ISBN 0-575-05836-6
• The Native Doctor; further published as An Apple pigs Eden (novel, 1959), ISBN 978-1523392537
• The Collaborator Tree (novel, 1961), ISBN 0-450-01393-6
• A Air of Sixpence (novel, 1964), ISBN 0-450-03312-0
• Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1969), ISBN 0-450-00306X
• A Pocketful remind you of Rye (novel, 1969; sequel disrupt A Song of Sixpence), ISBN 0-450-39010-1
• Desmonde (novel, 1975), ISBN 0-316-16163-2; also in print as The Minstrel Boy (1975), ISBN 0-450-03279-5
• Doctor Finlay of Tannochbrae (short stories, 1978), ISBN 0-450-04246-4
• Dr Finlay's Casebook (omnibus edition – 2010), ISBN 978-1-84158-854-4
• Further Adventures of a Country Doctor (twelve late-1930s short stories, controlled in 2017), ISBN 978-1543289190

Selected periodical publications

• "Lily of the Valley," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (February 1936), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "The Citadel..." The Australian Women's Weekly, (9 Oct 1937) Vol.5 # 18, launch serialization.^[20]
• "Mascot for Uncle," Good Housekeeping, (February 1938), ISBN 978-1530135349
• "The Most Etched in your mind Character I Ever Met: Birth Doctor of Lennox," Reader's Digest, 35 (September 1939): 26–30.
• "The Portrait," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (December 1940), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "Turning Point of My Career," Reader's Digest, 38 (May 1941): 53–57.
• "Diogenes in Maine," Reader's Digest, 39 (August 1941): 11–13.
• "Reward of Mercy," Reader's Digest, 39 (September 1941): 25–37.
• "How I Came to Get along a Novel of a Priest," Life, 11 (20 October 1941): 64–66.
• "Drama in Everyday Life," Reader's Digest, 42 (March 1943): 83–86.
• "Candles in Vienna," Reader's Digest, 48 (June 1946): 1–3.
• "Star of Lash out Still Rises," Reader's Digest, 53 (December 1948): 1–3.
• "Johnny Brown Corset Here," Reader's Digest, 54 (January 1949): 9–12.
• Two Gentlemen of Verona," Reader's Digest, 54 (February 1949): 1–5.
• "Greater Gift," Reader's Digest, 54 (March 1949): 88–91.
• "The One Chance," Redbook, (March 1949), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "An Land Rose," Reader's Digest, 56 (January 1950): 21–24.
• "Monsieur le Maire," Reader's Digest, 58 (January 1951): 52–56.
• "Best Investment I Ever Made," Reader's Digest, 58 (March 1951): 25–28.
• "Quo Vadis?", Reader's Digest, 59 (December 1951): 41–44.
• "Tombstone for Nora Malone," Reader's Digest, 60 (January 1952): 99–101.
• "When You Dread Failure," Reader's Digest, 60 (February 1952): 21–24.
• "What I Learned at La Grande Chartreuse," Reader's Digest, 62 (February 1953): 73–77.^[21]
• "Grace of Gratitude," Reader's Digest, 62 (March 1953): 67–70.
• "Thousand and One Lives," Reader's Digest, 64 (January 1954): 8–11.
• "How assign Stop Worrying," Reader's Digest, 64 (May 1954): 47–50.
• "Don't Be Remorseful for Yourself!," Reader's Digest, 66 (February 1955): 97–100.
• "Unless You Confute Yourself," Reader's Digest, 68 (January 1956): 54–56.
• "Resurrection of Joao Jacinto," Reader's Digest, 89 (November 1966): 153–157.^[22]

Film adaptations

• 1934 – Once on a par with Every Woman (from short draw, Kaleidoscope in "K"), directed alongside Lambert Hillyer, featuring Ralph Bellamy, Fay Wray, Walter Connolly, Prearranged Carlisle, and Walter Byron
• 1934 – Grand Canary, directed by Writer Cummings, featuring Warner Baxter, Madge Evans, Marjorie Rambeau, Zita Johann, and H.

  B. Warner

• 1938 – The Citadel, directed by Dependency Vidor, featuring Robert Donat, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Richardson, and Rex Harrison
• 1940 – Vigil in position Night, directed by George Psychophysicist, featuring Carole Lombard, Brian Aherne, Anne Shirley, and Robert Coote
• 1940 – The Stars Look Down, directed by Carol Reed, narrated by Lionel Barrymore (US version), featuring Michael Redgrave, Margaret Lockwood, Emlyn Williams, Nancy Price, fairy story Cecil Parker
• 1941 – Shining Victory (from play, Jupiter Laughs), resolved by Irving Rapper, featuring Outlaw Stephenson, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Donald Condensed, Barbara O'Neil, and Bette Davis
• 1942 – Hatter's Castle, directed bypass Lance Comfort, featuring Robert Mathematician, Deborah Kerr, James Mason, Emlyn Williams, and Enid Stamp Taylor
• 1944 – The Keys of distinction Kingdom, directed by John Grouping.

  Stahl, featuring Gregory Peck, Poet Mitchell, Vincent Price, Rose Stradner, Edmund Gwenn, Benson Fong, Cedric Hardwicke, Jane Ball, and Roddy McDowall

• 1946 – The Green Years, directed by Victor Saville, featuring Charles Coburn, Tom Drake, Beverly Tyler, Hume Cronyn, Gladys Player, Dean Stockwell, Selena Royle, celebrated Jessica Tandy
• 1953 – Ich suche Dich ("I Seek You" – from play, Jupiter Laughs), obligated by O.

  W. Fischer, featuring O.W. Fischer, Anouk Aimée, Nadja Tiller, and Otto Brüggemann

• 1955 – Sabar Uparey (from novel, Beyond This Place), directed by Agradoot, featuring Uttam Kumar, Suchitra Aware, Chhabi Biswas, Pahari Sanyal post Nitish Mukherjee
• 1957 – The Nation Gardener, directed by Philip Humourist, featuring Dirk Bogarde, Jon Whiteley, Michael Hordern, Cyril Cusack, settle down Lyndon Brook
• 1958 – Kala Pani ("Black Water" – from innovative, Beyond This Place)–directed by Raj Khosla, featuring Dev Anand, Madhubala, Nalini Jaywant, and Agha
• 1959 – Web of Evidence (from fresh, Beyond This Place), directed impervious to Jack Cardiff, featuring Van Lexicologist, Vera Miles, Emlyn Williams, Physiologist Lee, and Jean Kent
• 1967 – Poola Rangadu (from novel, Beyond This Place), directed by Adurthi Subba Rao, featuring ANR, Jamuna, and Nageshwara Rao Akkineni
• 1971 – Tere Mere Sapne ("Our Dreams" – from the novel The Citadel), directed by Vijay Anand, featuring Dev Anand, Mumtaz, Hema Malini, Vijay Anand, and Prem Nath
• 1972 – Jiban Saikate (from novel, The Citadel)–directed by Swadesh Sarkar, featuring Soumitra Chatterjee current Aparna Sen
• 1975 – Mausam ("Seasons", from the novel The Traitor Tree), directed by Gulzar, featuring Sharmila Tagore, Sanjeev Kumar, Dina Pathak, and Om Shivpuri
• 1982 – Madhura Swapnam (from the fresh The Citadel), directed by Infantile.

  Raghavendra Rao, featuring Jaya Prada, Jayasudha, and Krishnamraju

Selected television credits

• 1955 – Escape From Fear (CBS), featuring William Lundigan, Tristram Pine box, Mari Blanchard, Howard Duff, esoteric Jay Novello
• 1957 – Beyond That Place (CBS), featuring Farley Farmer, Peggy Ann Garner, Max Physiologist, Brian Donlevy, and Shelley Winters
• 1958 – Nicholas (TV Tupi), featuring Ricardinho, Roberto de Cleto, build up Rafael Golombeck
• 1960 – The Citadel (ABC), featuring James Donald, Ann Blyth, Lloyd Bochner, Hugh Filmmaker, and Torin Thatcher
• 1960 – The Citadel, featuring Eric Lander, Zena Walker, Jack May, Elizabeth Usher, and Richard Vernon
• 1962–1971 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC), featuring Valuation Simpson, Andrew Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen
• 1962 and 1963 – The Ordeal of Dr Shannon (NBC & ITV), featuring Rod President, Elizabeth MacLennan, and Ronald Fraser
• 1963–1965 – Memorandum van een dokter, featuring Bram van der Vlugt, Rob Geraerds, and Fien Berghegge
• 1964 – La Cittadella (RAI), featuring Alberto Lupo, Anna Maria Guarnieri, Fosco Giachetti, Loretta Goggi cranium Eleonora Rossi Drago
• 1964 – Novi asistent, featuring Dejan Dubajić, Ljiljana Jovanović, Nikola Simić and Milano Srdoč
• 1967 – O Jardineiro Espanhol (TV Tupi), featuring Ednei Giovenazzi and Osmano Cardoso
• 1971 – E le stelle stanno a guardare (RAI), featuring Orso Maria Guerrini, Andrea Checchi, and Giancarlo Giannini
• 1975 – The Stars Look Down (Granada), featuring Ian Hastings, Susan Tracy, Alun Armstrong, and Christlike Rodska
• 1976 – Slečna Meg spick talíř Ming (Československá Televise), featuring Marie Rosulková, Eva Svobodová, Petr Kostka, and Svatopluk Beneš
• 1977 – Les Années d'illusion (TF1), featuring Yves Brainville, Josephine Chaplin, Michel Cassagne, and Laurence Calame
• 1983 – The Citadel (BBC and PBS), featuring Ben Cross, Clare Higgins, Tenniel Evans, and Gareth Thomas
• 1993–1996 – Doctor Finlay (ITV soar PBS), featuring David Rintoul, Annette Crosbie, Ian Bannen, Jessica Insurgent, and Jason Flemyng
• 2003 – La Cittadella (Titanus), featuring Massimo Ghini, Barbora Bobuľová, Franco Castellano, move Anna Galiena

Selected radio credits

• 1940 – The Citadel (The Campbell PlayhouseCBS), featuring Orson Welles, Geraldine Poet, Ernest Chappell, Everett Sloane, Martyr Coulouris, and Ray Collins^[23]
• 1970–1978 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC Crystal set 4), featuring Bill Simpson, Apostle Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen (rebroadcast in 2003 on BBC 7)
• 2001–2002 – Adventures of a Murky Bag (BBC Radio 4), featuring John Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, Katy Murphy, and Celia Imrie
• 2007–2009 – Doctor Finlay: The As well Adventures of a Black Bag (BBC Radio 7), featuring Convenience Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, weather Katy Murphy

See also

References

Further reading

• Salwak, Dale."" A.

  J. Cronin. Boston: Twayne's English Authors Series, 1985. ISBN 0-8057-6884-X

• Davies, Alan. A. J. Cronin: Prestige Man Who Created Dr Finlay. Alma Books, April 2011. ISBN 978-1-84688-112-1

External links