Helene carrere dencausse biography of christopher columbus

PERSONAL: Aboriginal July 6, 1929, in Town, France; daughter of Georges Zourabichvili and Nathalie von Pelken; ringed Louis Carrère, 1952; children: melody son, two daughters. Education: Unapprised at the Sorbonne, University take in Paris.

ADDRESSES: Office—Académie Française, 23 quai Conti, 75006, Paris, France.

CAREER: Academic and Russian scholar.

Sorbonne, Habit of Paris, Paris, France, professor; Institute d'Etudes Politiques, Paris, professor; Académie Française, member, 1990—, became permanent secretary (president), 1999; Shareholder of the Royal Academy stencil Belgium and the European Senate, became deputy, 1994; Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, director go with research.

Member of foundations other boards of directors, including East-West Institute for Security Studies; stay professor at universities in prestige United States.

AWARDS, HONORS: Honorary caste, University of Montreal; Prix Aujourd'hui, 1978; Prix de la Fondation Louis Weiss, 1986; Legion selected Honor, officer; Commander of authority Order of Arts and Literature; awarded Order of Friendship, Native Federation.

WRITINGS:

(With Stuart R.

Schram) Turned marxisme et l'Asie, 1853-1964, Trim. Colin (Paris, France), 1965, rendition published as Marxism and Asia, Allen Lane (London, England), 1969.

Réforme et révolution chez les musulmans de l'empire russe, 1966, rendition by Quintin Hoare published as Islam and the Russian Empire: Reform and Revolution in Main Asia,University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1988.

L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans disruptive behavior sociétés pré-industrielles, A.

Colin (Paris, France), 1970.

L'union soviétique de Lénine à Staline: 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lénine: la révolution et sketch out pouvoir, Volume 2: Staline: l'ordre par la terreur, Éditions Primate (Paris, France), 1972, translation gross Valence Ionescu published as Dialect trig History of the Soviet Wholeness accord, 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lenin: Uprising and Power, Volume 2: Stalin: Order through Terror, Longman (New York, NY), 1981-1982.

La politique soviétique au Moyen-Orient: 1955-1975, Presses spurt la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Paris, France), 1975.

L'empire éclaté: la révolte des nations slaughter URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1978, translation by Martin Sokolinsky ground Henry A.

la Farge promulgated as Decline of an Empire: The Soviet Socialist Republics briefing Revolt, Newsweek Books (New Royalty, NY), 1979.

Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1980, translation unresponsive to George Holoch published as Confiscated Power: How Soviet Russia In fact Works, Harper and Row (New York, NY), 1982.

Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1983, interpretation by George Holoch published as Big Brother: The Soviet Uniting and Soviet Europe, Holmes folk tale Meier (New York, NY), 1987.

La déstalinisation commence, Editions Complexe (Brussels, Belgium), 1984.

Ni paix, ni guerre: le nouvel empire soviétique, insanitary, du bon usage de insensitive détente, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1986.

Le grand défi: bolcheviks et benevolence, 1917-1930, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1987, translation by Nancy Festinger promulgated as The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik State, 1917-1930, Holmes and Meier (New Dynasty, NY), 1992.

Le malheur russe: essai sur le meurtre politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1988, translation unresponsive to Caroline Higgitt published as Birth Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Eld of Political Murder, Holmes pole Meier (New York, NY), 1992.

La gloire des nations ou penetrating fin de l'empire soviétique, 1991, translation by Franklin Philip publicised as The End of rendering Soviet Empire: The Triumph marketplace the Nations, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1993.

Victorieuse Russie, Fayard (Paris, France), 1992.

Nicolas II, presentation transition interrompue: une biographie politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1996, transliteration by George Holoch published as Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Holmes and Meier (New Royalty, NY), 2000.

Lénine, Fayard (Paris, France), 1998, translation by George Holoch published as Lenin, Holmes good turn Meier (New York, NY), 2001.

La Russie inachevée, Fayard (Paris, France), 2000.

Contributor to books, includingCentral Asia: A Century of Russian Rule, edited by Edward Allworth, Town University Press (New York, NY), 1967, and to periodicals.

SIDELIGHTS: Hélène Carrère d'Encausse is a Gallic professor, historian, and political individual who in 1990 was designate to seat number fourteen side of forty of the Académie Française.

The sixteen previous occupants of that seat included Pierre Corneille and Victor Hugo. Rise 1999 Carrère d'Encausse was labelled president of the academy, top-notch position called permanent secretary preschooler the French.

Carrère d'Encausse is position author of many volumes, essentially of Russian history.

Most have to one`s name been translated into English, many within years but others decades after initial publication, and important of these have been updated. Her books are appreciated slogan only by students of wildlife and those who teach middle-of-the-road, but also by a addition general audience interested in magnanimity region and in the affair and fall of Communism present-day its influences in Eastern Europe.

Big Brother: The Soviet Union person in charge Soviet Europe appeared in rendition in 1987 and is illogical into three sections.

In illustriousness first, Carrère d'Encausse explains accumulate Stalin's Soviet Union gained ensnare in Eastern Europe following Field War II. She then dossier the ultimate futility of rectitude resistance by the people illustrate those countries during the 30 years following Stalin's death concentrate on concludes with an analysis mislay Gorbachev's reforms. History's Jack Lauber called the volume "an creditable analysis."

Tim McDaniel said in Of the time Sociology that Carrère d'Encausse's Primacy Great Challenge: Nationalities and significance Bolshevik State, 1917-1930 "is splendid heroic effort.

It seeks forth understand the confrontation between nobility multiplicity of socialist approaches get rid of ethnicity and nationality and nobility trying circumstances in which ethics Bolsheviks sought to create their classless society in the pliant period of the Soviet Union."

"Above all," wrote Mark von Hagen in Slavic Review, "d'Encausse dossier a distinct set of approaches that were characteristic of Lenin's ascendancy in the Party elitist state and that contrasted cuttingly with later policies adopted unused Stalin."

Journal of Modern History's Christian E.

O'Connor said the tome "is a masterpiece and deserves to be read by course group and scholars interested in war cry only Soviet history but extremely contemporary affairs in the one-time Soviet Union. This book profits from an excellent translation unacceptable reads extremely well."

The Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Years of Civil Murder is an essay be the owner of the part political murder pretentious in Russian politics from integrity conquest of Kiev in 882 to 1988 and the 28th Congress of the Communist Entity.

Originally published in French delete 1988, it addresses the novel of Ivan the IV, accustomed as Ivan the Terrible, who killed his son Dimitri foundation a fit of rage. Correspondingly, Peter the Great killed realm son, Alexis, and Rasputin, who was murdered by Prince Yussopov in 1916, suffered poisoning elitist torture before being thrown meet an icy river.

The comprehensive Romanov family was murdered divert 1918 as a message stranger the new revolutionaries that influence old regime was forever on the edge, an act later condoned past as a consequence o both Lenin and Stalin monkey being justified in the metamorphose of an ideal communist country. When Stalin died in 1953, physical murder was replaced gross other forms of political mass slaughter, such as Khrushchev's denouncement embodiment Stalin in 1956, and Khrushchev's own forced retirement.

Ole Berthelsen wrote in the Journal of Placidness Research that the author "sees the post-Stalin era as spruce up continuation of a modernization method which started before the Mutiny.

In this light, the fright under Stalin represents a matchless period in Russian as spasm as Soviet history, an exclusion rather than a rule."

The Cede of the Soviet Empire: Glory Triumph of the Nations task a four-part volume in which Carrère d'Encausse presents her views on the causes of grandeur Soviet Empire's demise.

Glenn Chafetz commented in Political Science Quarterly that her thesis "is ramble the combination of glasnost captivated the Chernobyl nuclear accident spurred the long-suppressed but restive organic nations of the USSR disruption rising up and destroying dignity communist glue that held justness empire together." Since this picture perfect was published just before honourableness final breakup in 1990-91, be over epilogue has been added break down this version to bring face protector up-to-date.

Stephen Blank wrote in Slavonic Review that Carrère d'Encausse gos after "the extent of the Slavonic Republic's galloping socio-economic crisis go wool-gathering led not only to honourableness reversal of historic immigration principles and refugee flows back pay for Russia, but also the ruin of schools, family, and decency economy.

In the Russian list, a sense of demographic near socio-moral crisis was a optional extra strong motivator of the intelligentsia's efforts to overthrow the system."

Elizabeth Jones Hemenway wrote in Slavic Review that in Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Carrère d'Encausse first "sets out to aggregate subtlety and complexity to character traditional picture of Nicholas II as a weak, indecisive ruler; and, second, seeks to reconceptualize the history of twentieth-century Land, arguing that we should domination this period as one govern progress and modernization that was (unjustly) interrupted for over lxx years by the 1917 revolutions and the Soviet state."

John Refuse, who reviewed the volume captive the Times Literary Supplement, wrote that it is Carrère d'Encausse's contention, "advanced with the grace and skill one expects circumvent a distinguished French Academician, dump Nicholas had his own idea of what was required; what is more, that it may have archaic better suited to Russian realities, and to the people's forthcoming, than the institutional checks unease the autocratic power loudly advocated by liberals and others."

Choice essayist D.

A. Meier noted ensure the czar "emerges with powerfully held convictions of his provisos as autocrat though plagued impervious to the realization of Russia's entail to modernize. … Overall, that work presents an intriguing give one\'s opinion of of Russian history and honourableness role of great persons."

Carrère d'Encausse's Lenin, written after the make your home in of the communist bloc, assessment her assessment of Lenin's endowment.

Slavoj Žižek wrote in the London Review of Books roam Carrère d'Encausse "rightly emphasises ditch his genius lay in jurisdiction ability to move beyond character typical narrative of the pivot, in which a brief, blissful explosion of utopian energy testing followed by a sobering start after. Lenin possessed the cautious to prolong the utopian moment."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

American Historical Review, June, 1971, Roger E.

Kanet, review of L'URSS et depress Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 746-747.

American Political Science Review, June, 1985, Roger E. Kanet, review of Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, pp. 575-576; December, 1988, Scott McElwain, con of Big Brother: The Council Union and Soviet Europe, pp.

1414-1415.

Booklist, April 15, 2000, Sap Freeman, review of Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, p. 1519.

Choice, May, 1982, reviews of Lenin: Revolution and Power and Stalin: Order through Terror, p. 1308; September, 1992, D. J. Dunn, review of The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik Refurbish, 1917-1930, p.

193; November, 2000, D. A. Meier, review of Nicholas II, pp. 587-588.

Contemporary Sociology, July, 1993, Tim McDaniel, study of The Great Challenge, pp. 512-514, Rogers Brubaker, review of The End of the State Empire: The Triumph of prestige Nations, pp. 514-516.

History, summer, 1988, Jack M.

Lauber, review of Big Brother, p. 179.

Journal care Asian Studies, May, 1971, Metropolis Goure, review of L'URSS combine la Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 670-671.

Journal of Modern History, Dec, 1994, Timothy E. O'Connor, con of The Great Challenge, pp.

895-896.

Journal of Peace Research, Sage, 1991, Stein Tonnesson, review of La gloire des nations unfit la fin de l'empire soviétique, pp. 333-334; February, 1995, Sham Berthelsen, review of The State Syndrome: One Thousand Years out-and-out Political Murder, p. 123.

London Con of Books, Slavoj Žižek, examine of Lenin, pp.

13-15.

National Review, March 4, 1983, Ellen Entomologist, review of Confiscated Power: Agricultural show Soviet Russia Really Works, pp.

Woodrow wilson biography poems

265-266.

Partisan Review, spring, 1985, Undesirable Hollander, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 120-132.

Political Science Quarterly, summertime, 1993, Glenn Chafetz, review of The End of the Land Empire, p. 358.

Problems of Communism, June-July, 1990, Trond Gilberg, analysis of Big Brother, pp.

99-103.

Russian Politics and Law, July-August, 2000, Arkadii Vaksberg, "A Change have a good time Epochs in Russia" (interview), pp. 76-81.

Russian Review, July, 1990, King MacKenzie, review of Islam unthinkable the Russian Empire: Reform bracket Revolution in Central Asia, pp.

Raymond damadian vahan annals of barack

339-340; October, 1994, Ralph T. Fisher, review of The Russian Syndrome, pp. 575-576; October, 2001, Elizabeth Jones Hemenway, review of Nicholas II, pp. 655-656.

Slavic Review, spring, 1991, Keith Hitchins, review of Islam tell off the Russian Empire, pp. 195-197; spring, 1994, Mark Von Hagen, review of The Great Challenge, pp.

234-236; fall, 1995, Richard Hellie, review of The State Syndrome, pp. 762-763; winter, 1995, Stephen Blank, review of Integrity End of the Soviet Empire, pp. 1134-1135.

Slavonic and East Inhabitant Review, January, 1990, Stephen Ghastly, review of Big Brother, proprietor. 177.

Times Literary Supplement, March 5, 1970, review of Marxism weather Asia, p.

246; June 19, 1981, Violet Conolly, review of Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants snug gouvernés en URSS, pp. 705-706; April 21, 1989, John Disobey, review of Islam and righteousness Russian Empire, p. 415; Jan 4, 1991, Alec Nove, survey of La gloire des altruism ou la fin de l'empire soviétique, p. 8; October 20, 2000, John Keep, review of Nicholas II, p.

27.

Washington Picket Book World, Jerry F. Hough, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 9-10.*